Photogrammetry

Facade Photogrammetry Services

High-resolution photographic 3D reconstruction that captures surface texture, colour, and geometry at sub-millimetre detail.

Photogrammetry reconstructs three-dimensional geometry from overlapping photographs using computer vision algorithms. For facade documentation, we capture hundreds to thousands of photographs from controlled positions at close range (rope access or EWP) and from aerial platforms (drones). The resulting 3D surface model captures not only geometry but also colour, texture, and fine surface detail at resolutions down to 1mm per pixel. This makes it ideal for documenting defects that are visible but too small or too numerous to individually photograph in the traditional manner.

Close-range photogrammetry from rope access produces the highest-quality surface data. Technicians photograph defect areas with calibrated cameras at consistent distances, creating overlap patterns that the processing software uses to reconstruct accurate 3D geometry. The resulting textured mesh shows every crack, stain, spall, and surface irregularity in its exact spatial context. This is particularly valuable for heritage facades where the original fabric must be documented before any intervention.

Aerial photogrammetry from UAV platforms provides efficient coverage of large facade areas, rooftop interfaces, and sections that are difficult to reach even with rope access. Modern survey-grade drones capture oblique and nadir imagery that processes into accurate 3D models and high-resolution orthomosaics (geometrically corrected aerial photographs). These products complement terrestrial LiDAR data and can be used for area calculations, measurement extraction, and change detection.

All photogrammetric outputs are integrated with the broader 3D building model on the Facade Inspect platform. Surface models are aligned to the LiDAR point cloud framework, defects identified in the texture data are linked to the defect register, and the combined dataset provides a complete digital record of facade condition that can be measured, shared, and compared over time.

Deliverables

What's Included

Close-range photogrammetry from rope access
Aerial photogrammetry from survey-grade UAVs
Calibrated camera systems for metric accuracy
High-resolution textured 3D surface models
Orthomosaic generation (geometrically corrected imagery)
Defect mapping from photographic texture data
Area and dimensional measurement extraction
Heritage facade documentation
Integration with LiDAR point cloud framework
Change detection between inspection dates

Methodology

Our Process

1

Capture Planning

Camera positions, overlap requirements, and ground sample distance (GSD) targets are planned based on the required output accuracy and facade geometry. For close-range work, capture distances of 1 to 3 metres achieve sub-millimetre GSD. For aerial capture, flight plans are programmed to maintain consistent overlap (typically 80% forward, 60% side) at the specified distance from the facade.

2

Image Acquisition

Photographs are captured from rope access (close-range) or drone platforms (aerial) using calibrated cameras with fixed focal length lenses. Each image position is recorded via RTK GPS or ground control points for geo-referencing. Consistent lighting and exposure settings ensure uniform image quality across the dataset.

3

Processing and Reconstruction

Images are processed through structure-from-motion (SfM) and multi-view stereo (MVS) algorithms to generate dense point clouds and textured mesh models. Processing is scaled from sparse to dense reconstruction, with quality checks at each stage. Ground control points constrain the model to real-world coordinates.

4

Product Generation

From the processed model, deliverables are generated including textured 3D mesh, orthomosaics (plan-view and elevation-view), and measurement extractions. These are exported in standard formats (OBJ, PLY, GeoTIFF) and loaded to the Facade Inspect platform for integration with other inspection data layers.

5

Integration and Analysis

Photogrammetric surfaces are aligned to the LiDAR point cloud coordinate system. Defects visible in the texture data are linked to the defect register entries. For repeat surveys, change detection algorithms identify new damage, deterioration progression, and geometric changes since the previous capture.

Technical Data

Technical Specifications

Ground sample distance (GSD)1 to 5mm per pixel (close-range); 10 to 20mm (aerial)
Geometric accuracyPlus or minus 2mm with ground control (close-range)
Camera system50MP+ calibrated metric camera, fixed focal length
Image overlap80% forward, 60% side (minimum)
Output formatsOBJ mesh, PLY point cloud, GeoTIFF orthomosaic
Geo-referencingRTK GPS or surveyed ground control points (GDA2020)

Compliance

Australian Standards

AS/NZS 4284:2008

Testing of Building Facades

Photogrammetric measurement supports facade performance documentation by providing accurate dimensional data for panel sizes, joint widths, and deflection measurement.

AS 1170.2:2021

Wind Actions

Accurate measurement of cladding panel dimensions and fixing centres from photogrammetry enables verification against AS 1170.2 wind loading requirements.

ISO 9001:2015

Quality Management Systems

Camera calibration, capture methodology, and processing procedures follow documented ISO 9001 quality processes for repeatability.

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between photogrammetry and LiDAR for facades?

LiDAR directly measures distance using laser pulses, producing accurate geometric point clouds in any lighting conditions. Photogrammetry reconstructs 3D geometry from photographs, capturing rich colour and surface texture but requiring adequate light and surface contrast. For facades, we typically combine both: LiDAR provides the primary geometric framework with guaranteed accuracy, while photogrammetry adds high-resolution surface texture that reveals fine defects like hairline cracks, staining patterns, and coating deterioration. The combination gives both measurement-grade geometry and visual documentation.

How is photogrammetry useful for heritage facade documentation?

Heritage facades often cannot be touched, cleaned, or altered without approval. Photogrammetry provides a complete non-contact record of the existing condition at sub-millimetre detail. This includes stone profiles, decorative mouldings, mortar joint patterns, surface weathering, and original finishes. The resulting 3D model serves as the baseline record for conservation planning, records existing conditions before any intervention, and can be used to produce replacement elements (using CNC milling from the digital model) that match original profiles exactly.

Can photogrammetry detect cracks and surface defects?

Yes, provided the ground sample distance (image resolution) is fine enough to resolve the defect. At 1mm GSD (achievable from close-range capture at 1 to 2 metres), cracks as narrow as 0.5mm are clearly visible in the photographic texture. Wider cracks, spalling, staining, efflorescence, and coating failures are all readily documented. The advantage over individual photographs is spatial context: every defect is positioned in 3D space relative to the building geometry, making it easy to communicate locations to engineers and contractors.

How long does photogrammetric processing take?

Processing time depends on the number of images and required output density. A typical facade elevation captured with 200 to 500 images takes 4 to 8 hours to process from raw photographs to dense textured mesh. Large buildings with multiple elevations and thousands of images may take 2 to 3 days of processing time. We use high-performance computing infrastructure to accelerate this. Clients receive preliminary dense point clouds within 3 business days and final textured deliverables within 7 to 10 business days of data capture.

Coverage

Available Across Australia

We deliver photogrammetry services in all major Australian cities. Select a location for city-specific information.

Sectors

Industries We Serve

Our photogrammetry services are tailored to the specific requirements of each sector.

Get started with photogrammetry

Contact our team for a scope discussion and quote. We respond within one business day.