
Photogrammetry
Facade Photogrammetry Services
High-resolution photographic 3D reconstruction that captures surface texture, colour, and geometry at sub-millimetre detail.
Photogrammetry reconstructs three-dimensional geometry from overlapping photographs using computer vision algorithms. For facade documentation, we capture hundreds to thousands of photographs from controlled positions at close range (rope access or EWP) and from aerial platforms (drones). The resulting 3D surface model captures not only geometry but also colour, texture, and fine surface detail at resolutions down to 1mm per pixel. This makes it ideal for documenting defects that are visible but too small or too numerous to individually photograph in the traditional manner.
Close-range photogrammetry from rope access produces the highest-quality surface data. Technicians photograph defect areas with calibrated cameras at consistent distances, creating overlap patterns that the processing software uses to reconstruct accurate 3D geometry. The resulting textured mesh shows every crack, stain, spall, and surface irregularity in its exact spatial context. This is particularly valuable for heritage facades where the original fabric must be documented before any intervention.
Aerial photogrammetry from UAV platforms provides efficient coverage of large facade areas, rooftop interfaces, and sections that are difficult to reach even with rope access. Modern survey-grade drones capture oblique and nadir imagery that processes into accurate 3D models and high-resolution orthomosaics (geometrically corrected aerial photographs). These products complement terrestrial LiDAR data and can be used for area calculations, measurement extraction, and change detection.
All photogrammetric outputs are integrated with the broader 3D building model on the Facade Inspect platform. Surface models are aligned to the LiDAR point cloud framework, defects identified in the texture data are linked to the defect register, and the combined dataset provides a complete digital record of facade condition that can be measured, shared, and compared over time.
Deliverables
What's Included
Methodology
Our Process
Capture Planning
Camera positions, overlap requirements, and ground sample distance (GSD) targets are planned based on the required output accuracy and facade geometry. For close-range work, capture distances of 1 to 3 metres achieve sub-millimetre GSD. For aerial capture, flight plans are programmed to maintain consistent overlap (typically 80% forward, 60% side) at the specified distance from the facade.
Image Acquisition
Photographs are captured from rope access (close-range) or drone platforms (aerial) using calibrated cameras with fixed focal length lenses. Each image position is recorded via RTK GPS or ground control points for geo-referencing. Consistent lighting and exposure settings ensure uniform image quality across the dataset.
Processing and Reconstruction
Images are processed through structure-from-motion (SfM) and multi-view stereo (MVS) algorithms to generate dense point clouds and textured mesh models. Processing is scaled from sparse to dense reconstruction, with quality checks at each stage. Ground control points constrain the model to real-world coordinates.
Product Generation
From the processed model, deliverables are generated including textured 3D mesh, orthomosaics (plan-view and elevation-view), and measurement extractions. These are exported in standard formats (OBJ, PLY, GeoTIFF) and loaded to the Facade Inspect platform for integration with other inspection data layers.
Integration and Analysis
Photogrammetric surfaces are aligned to the LiDAR point cloud coordinate system. Defects visible in the texture data are linked to the defect register entries. For repeat surveys, change detection algorithms identify new damage, deterioration progression, and geometric changes since the previous capture.
Technical Data
Technical Specifications
| Ground sample distance (GSD) | 1 to 5mm per pixel (close-range); 10 to 20mm (aerial) |
| Geometric accuracy | Plus or minus 2mm with ground control (close-range) |
| Camera system | 50MP+ calibrated metric camera, fixed focal length |
| Image overlap | 80% forward, 60% side (minimum) |
| Output formats | OBJ mesh, PLY point cloud, GeoTIFF orthomosaic |
| Geo-referencing | RTK GPS or surveyed ground control points (GDA2020) |
Compliance
Australian Standards
AS/NZS 4284:2008
Testing of Building Facades
Photogrammetric measurement supports facade performance documentation by providing accurate dimensional data for panel sizes, joint widths, and deflection measurement.
AS 1170.2:2021
Wind Actions
Accurate measurement of cladding panel dimensions and fixing centres from photogrammetry enables verification against AS 1170.2 wind loading requirements.
ISO 9001:2015
Quality Management Systems
Camera calibration, capture methodology, and processing procedures follow documented ISO 9001 quality processes for repeatability.
FAQ
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between photogrammetry and LiDAR for facades?
LiDAR directly measures distance using laser pulses, producing accurate geometric point clouds in any lighting conditions. Photogrammetry reconstructs 3D geometry from photographs, capturing rich colour and surface texture but requiring adequate light and surface contrast. For facades, we typically combine both: LiDAR provides the primary geometric framework with guaranteed accuracy, while photogrammetry adds high-resolution surface texture that reveals fine defects like hairline cracks, staining patterns, and coating deterioration. The combination gives both measurement-grade geometry and visual documentation.
How is photogrammetry useful for heritage facade documentation?
Heritage facades often cannot be touched, cleaned, or altered without approval. Photogrammetry provides a complete non-contact record of the existing condition at sub-millimetre detail. This includes stone profiles, decorative mouldings, mortar joint patterns, surface weathering, and original finishes. The resulting 3D model serves as the baseline record for conservation planning, records existing conditions before any intervention, and can be used to produce replacement elements (using CNC milling from the digital model) that match original profiles exactly.
Can photogrammetry detect cracks and surface defects?
Yes, provided the ground sample distance (image resolution) is fine enough to resolve the defect. At 1mm GSD (achievable from close-range capture at 1 to 2 metres), cracks as narrow as 0.5mm are clearly visible in the photographic texture. Wider cracks, spalling, staining, efflorescence, and coating failures are all readily documented. The advantage over individual photographs is spatial context: every defect is positioned in 3D space relative to the building geometry, making it easy to communicate locations to engineers and contractors.
How long does photogrammetric processing take?
Processing time depends on the number of images and required output density. A typical facade elevation captured with 200 to 500 images takes 4 to 8 hours to process from raw photographs to dense textured mesh. Large buildings with multiple elevations and thousands of images may take 2 to 3 days of processing time. We use high-performance computing infrastructure to accelerate this. Clients receive preliminary dense point clouds within 3 business days and final textured deliverables within 7 to 10 business days of data capture.
Explore
Related Services
3D Point Cloud Mapping
High-density LiDAR and photogrammetric capture that creates a permanent 3D record of your building, accurate to millimetres.
ViewFacade Inspections
Close-range visual and physical assessment of every facade element, delivering structured condition data you can act on.
ViewRope Access Inspection
IRATA-certified technicians delivering close-range facade assessment at any height, without the cost and disruption of scaffolding.
ViewDefect Registers
Every defect classified, costed, and prioritised into an actionable maintenance queue tied to the exact location on your building.
ViewCoverage
Available Across Australia
We deliver photogrammetry services in all major Australian cities. Select a location for city-specific information.
Sectors
Industries We Serve
Our photogrammetry services are tailored to the specific requirements of each sector.
Get started with photogrammetry
Contact our team for a scope discussion and quote. We respond within one business day.